Fermata

A fermata means to hold the note longer. Fermata notes have a dot and a half circle above or below them.

Accent

A accent means to play the note louder than the other notes. Accent notes have a right arrow (>) above or below them.

Marcato

A marcato means to play the note much louder than the other notes. Marcato notes have a right arrow facing up (^) above or below them.

Staccato

Staccato means to play the notes with a distinct separate sound. Staccato notes have a dot above or under them. It is the opposite of legato.